Closing Entries

What are closing entries?

Closing entries are journal entries made at the end of an accounting period to close out the temporary accounts and transfer their balances to the permanent accounts. Temporary accounts, such as revenue, expense, and dividend accounts, are used to record transactions that are related to a specific accounting period. At the end of the period, the balances in these accounts are transferred to the retained earnings account or another permanent account, which represents the cumulative earnings of the company since its inception.

What are the steps to do closing entries?

The steps to closing entries are as follows:

1. Identify the temporary accounts that need to be closed. This includes all revenue, expense, and dividend accounts.
2. Transfer the balances of the revenue accounts to the income summary account. 
3. Transfer the balances of the expense accounts to the income summary account. 
4. Calculate the net income or loss for the period by subtracting the total expenses from the total revenues. 
5. Transfer the balance of the income summary account to the retained earnings account.
6. Close the dividend account by transferring its balance to the retained earnings account. 
7. Verify that all temporary accounts have been closed and that the balances of the permanent accounts are updated.

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